[46][47] In the UK, Vietnamese catfish is sometimes sold as "Vietnamese river cobbler", although more commonly as Basa. Stripes of black create a distinct puzzle-like pattern. We’ve been in business since 1987 and have dedicated our lives to farming and shipping aquatic livestock! In Myanmar (formally Burma), catfish is usually used in mohinga, a traditional noodle fish soup cooked with lemon grass, ginger, garlic, pepper, banana stem, onions, and other local ingredients. Despite their name, not all catfish have prominent barbels or "whiskers". The minimum tank size for these fish is 1,000 gallons! Also, FishBase and the Integrated Taxonomic Information System lists Parakysidae as a separate family, while this group is included under Akysidae by both Nelson (2006) and ACSI. Gold Nugget Pleco are solitary creatures that aren’t too fond of company. They do best in waters that are between 60 and 80 degrees. This is accompanied by spots of black or dark gray. While they will eat plants here and there, protein is important. Though, they can get territorial in tight quarters. In Europe it is often cooked in similar ways to carp, but in the United States it is popularly crumbed with cornmeal and fried. It is a breed, that you … [6], The taxonomy of catfish is quickly changing. Catfish are the diverse group of ray-finned fish. Catfish have widely been caught and farmed for food for hundreds of years in Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America. In Bangladesh and the Indian states of Odisha, West Bengal and Assam, catfish (locally known as magur) is eaten as a favored delicacy during the monsoons. The Platy Fish, is another great choice for beginner fish keepers. incertae sedis Lacantuniidae is included in the Sullivan scheme based on recent evidence that places it sister to Claroteidae. Exports of one particular shark catfish species from Vietnam, Pangasius bocourti, have met with pressures from the U.S. catfish industry. They grow in large numbers, even sprouting from the top of their head! When they’re not eating, the driftwood will be their safe haven. 56: Neotype description for the African catfish Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (Pisces: Siluroidei: Clariidae), Sustainable seafood advisory lists and certification, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catfish&oldid=990256251, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2007, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The biggest flathead catfish caught was by Ken Paulie in the Elk City Reservoir in Kansas. Claroteidae Finally, the lateral armor of doradids, Sisor, and hoplomyzontines consists of hypertrophied lateral line ossicles with dorsal and ventral lamina. They look like sunken tree branches. Catfish shipped directly to your door at the lowest prices & highest quality online. Appearance can vary dramatically across the species, but most will only get to be between 1 and 4 inches long. Bumblebee catfish are a unique and fun freshwater fish that we think all aquarists should consider. The fish are very hardy and can adapt well to many environments. Horabagridae[1] One of the biggest challenges is simply finding space for them to live. Pair that with their rayed fins and you have the makings of a beautiful fish. A 25-gallon tank is recommended. Skelton, Paul H. and Teugels, Guy G. 1992. Catfish barbels always come as pairs. Freshwater/Saltwater Dividing Line Map; Fish Pond Management Solutions; St. Stephen Lift; Using Triploid Grass Carp for Aquatic Plant Control in SC Small Impoundments According to a study by Kaatz, sounds for disturbance (e.g. [48], In Nigeria, catfish is often cooked in a variety of stews. This species mostly has a black color but can also come in a pale flesh. It’s just something they like to do! Siluridae As long as you read the care requirements for each species and take them into consideration, we think you’ll be happy keeping a freshwater catfish in your home tank. Large catfish are a very beautiful and peaceful species that make a wonderful addition to a large community aquarium. These fish can do a lot of damage with their sharp fins. Some consider this species the largest strictly-freshwater fish species, and the largest recorded individual measured 8 feet, 10 inches long. [19] Because their barbels and chemoreception are more important in detecting food, the eyes on catfish are generally small. It lies beneath the skin where its outline may be determined by dissecting the skin or probing with a needle. Young catfish feed on zooplankton, tiny fish, fish eggs, aquatic insects, freshwater shrimp, small crayfish, tadpoles, and an occasional grasshopper. NEW! Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. Many specimens have alternating body colors of bright yellow and black. [10] Numerous species from the families Ariidae and Plotosidae, and a few species from among the Aspredinidae and Bagridae, are found in salt water.[11][12]. As for water parameters, the catfish aren’t too picky. [7] In some catfish, the skin is covered in bony plates called scutes; some form of body armor appears in various ways within the order. As far as known for most catfish, features that are often characteristic of species such as mouth and fin positions, fin shapes, and barbel lengths show little difference between juveniles and adults. For the most part, taking care of Bumblee Catfish isn’t a challenge. [33], Sound-generating mechanisms are often different between genders. Flathead catfish, Pylodictis olivaris, is also a North American pest on Atlantic slope drainages. However, if you plan on keeping other fish with the Chinese Algae Eater, you’re going to need a much bigger tank! Interestingly enough, there are no biological differences to explain the odd swimming pattern. Growing from their mouths are several barbels. The good news is that Pictus Catfish aren’t aggressive or difficult to care for. [58] The family Horabagridae, including Horabagrus, Pseudeutropius, and Platytropius, is also not shown by some authors but presented by others as a true group. [27] Also in Asia, Jeremy Wade caught a 75.5 kilograms (166.4 lb) Goonch following three fatal attacks on humans in the Kali River on the India-Nepal border. This fish is similar to the neon tetra other than coloration. Though they do require some strict water parameters. Mekong Giant Catfish – Incredibly large and incredibly rare, this species teeters on the brink of extinction. You will need a larger tank to keep them happy. Many species in the catfish family possess an enhanced first pectoral fin ray, called the spine, which can be moved by large abductor and adductor muscles. Despite their muted coloration, Striped Raphael Catfish stand out quite a bit. Thus, there is currently both morphological and molecular evidence for a higher-level phylogenetic arrangement of Siluriformes in which Diplomystidae is the earliest branching catfish, sister to a clade including the Loricarioidei and Siluroidei suborders. The Glass Catfish is truly a unique species that’s sure to make itself noticed in any … Anchariidae [71] [14][15][16][17][18], Most catfish are bottom feeders. [29], The anatomical organization of the testis in catfish is variable among the families of catfish, but the majority of them present fringed testis: Ictaluridae, Claridae, Auchenipteridae, Doradidae, Pimelodidae, and Pseudopimelodidae. Bagridae [35] However, in a comparison of a few different species of tropical catfish, some fish put under distress conditions produced a higher intensity of stridulatory sounds than drumming sounds. In many catfish, the humeral process is a bony process extending backward from the pectoral girdle immediately above the base of the pectoral fin. [7] Many catfish have a maximum length of under 12 cm. These aquarium catfish are bottom-dwellers that feed on algae and dead plant matter, so they’ll rarely venture to the waters above. Wade was of the opinion that the offending fish must have been significantly larger than this to have taken an 18-year-old boy as well as a water buffalo. [30][31], Catfish can produce different types of sounds and also have well-developed auditory reception used to discriminate between sounds with different pitches and velocities. They are available in fresh, frozen, breaded or marinated and are offered in a variety of pack sizes. Nematogenyiidae Freshwater Fish If something is listed as sold out and you are interested in getting some please sign up to be notified once it goes back in stock! In fact, they’re one of the most popular kinds of freshwater fish for aquarists to get! [59] In June 2005, researchers named the newest family of catfish, Lacantuniidae, only the third new family of fish distinguished in the last 70 years (others being the coelacanth in 1938 and the megamouth shark in 1983). Misbranded food", "Fish Labelling (Amendment) (England) Regulations 2006", "How to cook the irresistible catfish pepper soup", "Checklist of catfish, recent and fossil (Osteichthyes: Siluriformes), and catalogue of siluriform primary types", "Revision of the endemic Malagasy catfish family Anchariidae (Teleostei: Siluriformes), with descriptions of a new genus and three new species", "Neotropical catfish diversity: an historical perspective", "Evolutionary history of Otophysi (Teleostei), a major clade of the modern freshwater fishes: Pangaean origin and Mesozoic radiation", "LSX: Automated reduction of gene-specific lineage evolutionary rate heterogeneity for multi-gene phylogeny inference". Kryptoglanidae More specifically, in long-whiskered catfishes, drumming sounds are used as a threatening signal and stridulations are used as a defense signal. They prefer temperatures between 73 and 76 degrees. Catfish have inhabited all continents at one time or another. Loricariidae They have no problem swimming throughout the middle of the water column. It is traditionally served with pasta smothered with curd cheese (túrós csusza). They thrive in warmer waters between 70 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit. Farm-raised catfish became such a staple of the U.S. diet that President Ronald Reagan established National Catfish Day on 25 June 1987 to recognize "the value of farm-raised catfish. When she's not writing about fish you can find her hiking, swimming, and doing yoga. [5][55][56][57] Many sources do not list the recently revised family Anchariidae. With so many different types of aquarium catfish to choose from, we thought it made sense to create a list of our favorites. They blend in very well with rocks, hence their name. When they are fully grown, these fish can reach lengths of 4 feet. Named for their prominent barbels, which resemble a cat's whiskers, catfish range in size and behavior from the three largest species alive, the Mekong giant catfish from Southeast Asia, the wels catfish of Eurasia, and the piraíba of South America, to detritivores (species that eat dead material on the bottom), and even to a tiny parasitic species commonly called the candiru, Vandellia cirrhosa. Now that you know about each of the best types of aquarium catfish, it’s time to decide which ones interest you the most! Aptly named for the vivid stripes that run along their body, the Bumblebee Catfish is a beautiful fish species. Kaatz investigated 83 species from 14 families of catfish, and determined that catfishes produce more stridulatory sounds in disturbance situations and more swimbladder sounds in intraspecific conflicts. Austroglanididae [8][9] One such species is Phreatobius cisternarum, known to live underground in phreatic habitats. Learn more. Catfish have inhabited all continents at one time or another. This is a tiny freshwater fish native to India. They aren’t too difficult to care for. Another challenge owners face is providing them with the right food. They are very unique fish with large fins, long barbels, and some unique coloration. There are many types, and they vary widely in their size, needs and temperament. Helming from Venezuela and Colombia, the Clown Catfish is a small species that rarely get larger than 4 inches in size. Water should be between 75 and 80 degrees with a pH of 6.5. They thrive in 20-gallon tanks with plenty of space to roam. Mochokidae [5], Juvenile catfish, like most fish, have relatively large heads, eyes, and posterior median fins in comparison to larger, more mature individuals. Pair that with their brown coloration and it’s easy to mistake these catfish for simple twigs. Big catfish consume a very fish-heavy diet. However, the European stock of American catfishes has not achieved the dimensions of these fish in their native waters, and have only increased the ecological pressure on native European fauna. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (. When the muscles relax, the tension in the spring quickly returns the swimbladder to its original position, which produces the sound. Many catfish are nocturnal,[3][4] but others (many Auchenipteridae) are crepuscular or diurnal (most Loricariidae or Callichthyidae, for example). They are a big challenge to take care of, so we don’t recommend them for novices or casual hobbyists. Their bellies are also dark, which is a distinct trait not commonly found with fish. [42], In Indonesia, catfish is usually served fried or grilled in street stalls called warung and eaten with vegetables and sambal; the dish is called pecel lele or pecak lele. Exceptions to this are the ariid catfishes, where the young retain yolk sacs late into juvenile stages, and many pimelodids, which may have elongated barbels and fin filaments or coloration patterns. Akysidae Take your time and look through our massive selections of tropical fish. 0 oz.). In North America the largest Ictalurus furcatus (Blue catfish) caught in the Missouri River on 20 July 2010, weighed 59 kilograms (130 lb). [7], Catfish may have up to four pairs of barbels: nasal, maxillary (on each side of mouth), and two pairs of chin barbels, though pairs of barbels may be absent depending on the species. "Alternative life-history strategies of catfishes", 10.1894/0038-4909(2007)52[141:ASCPPC]2.0.CO;2, "New Philippine record of South American sailfin catfishes (Pisces: Loricariidae)". These catfish need a lush environment filled with plants and decor. [36] Differences in the proportion of drumming versus stridulation sounds depend on morphological constraints, such as different sizes of drumming muscles and pectoral spines. But how can a shy fish be fun? Heteropneustidae They’re beautiful fish that have color patterns reminiscent of Koi. The Redtail Catfish can be aggressive. These fish have a healthy appetite for all types of aquarium algae and will spend most of their time cleaning driftwood, rocks, and glass surfaces. About 60% of U.S. farm-raised catfish are grown within a 65-mile (100-km) radius of Belzoni, Mississippi. So much to see here! They make wonderful scavengers and help maintain good water quality. The water temperature should be in the neighborhood of 72 to 82 degrees with a pH balance of 6.0 to 7.5. Cetopsidae ", Catfish is eaten in a variety of ways. Most are omnivores and require a balanced diet of meaty and vegetable based foods. They reach lengths of 2.5 and 3 feet in captivity. Perhaps the most identifying trait of the fish, these barbels are much more pronounced than they are on other catfish species. These guys tend to get territorial when more than one is kept in the same tank. .mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{width:0.7em;padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}, By information from International Game Fish Association IGFA the most outstanding record:[72], This article is about the animal. If they’re consumed by larger fish, they can even get lodged in the predator’s throat! In some species, the mucus-covered skin is used in cutaneous respiration, where the fish breathes through its skin. Catfish also have a maxilla reduced to a support for barbels; this means that they are unable to protrude their mouths as other fish such as carp. These catfish are incredibly popular in the aquarium trade. According to morphological data, Diplomystidae is usually considered to be the earliest branching catfish lineage and the sister group to the other two lineages, Loricarioidei and Siluroidei. [24] The modification of the anal fin into an intromittent organ (in internal fertilizers) as well as accessory structures of the reproductive apparatus (in both internal and external fertilizers) have been described in species belonging to 11 different families. [6] More than half of all catfish species live in the Americas. They are typically paired, multi-chambered, and connected with the sperm duct, and have been reported to play a glandular and a storage function. [25], Fish ovaries may be of two types: gymnovarian or cystovarian. [7] Representatives of at least eight families are hypogean (live underground) with three families that are also troglobitic (inhabiting caves). [35], Sound production in catfish may also be correlated with fighting and alarm calls. "In catfish, gustation plays a primary role in the orientation and location of food". This is especially true if you plan on keeping groups or creating a multi-species community tank. [7], A flattened head allows for digging through the substrate as well as perhaps serving as a hydrofoil. Other names for Flathead Catfish include: … The Redtail Catfish is another species that only seasoned aquarists should attempt to care for. Freshwater catfish are some of the most interesting fish you can keep in your home aquarium, and also among the most industrious. Some have a mouth that can expand to a large size and contains no incisiform teeth; catfish generally feed through suction or gulping rather than biting and cutting prey. Amblycipitidae Others have more muted tones of tan and brown, but that doesn’t take away from their good looks. Walking catfish have also been introduced in the freshwaters of Florida, with the voracious catfish becoming a major alien pest there. A few select species of catfish even like to eat things like wood and algae, while still more are parasitic and live off the blood of other fish, frogs, rodents and even aquatic birds. Their shy temperament and hardy nature make them not only super easy to care for, but fun to watch! But, all specimens have a texturized look that can make them hard to spot among rock decor. This includes a large head, downturned mouth, and expansive dorsal fin. The pH balance of the water should between 6.0 and 8.0 depending on the species. However, bigger is always better with this fish. The average size of the species is about 1.2–1.6 m (3.9–5.2 ft), and fish more than 2 metres (6.6 ft) are rare. You can individual bones and organs, making them an interesting fish to study. In some catfishes, pectoral fins are longer in males than in females of similar length, and differences in the characteristic of the sounds produced were also observed. What’s unique about the Clown Catfish is its coloration. [39], In Asia, many catfish species are important as food. The only exceptions are male Clown Catfish. Driftwood is a must for these catfish. These catfish get to be up to 11 inches long. Reaching lengths of only 3 inches, the Bumblebee Catfish is perfect for small to medium-sized tanks. They are the only ostariophysans that have entered freshwater habitats in Madagascar, Australia, and New Guinea. Heptapteridae This is supported by molecular evidence. While they’ll eat algae and plant detritus like many other types of catfish, live food and pellets are a must. Like most catfish, the flathead catfish is a nocturnal feeder, becoming more active as light intensity declines. They’re sensitive to ammonia and nitrates, so you’ll need to test often and invest in a powerful filtration system. Instead, their base color is light gray. Bluegill. The name “Cory Catfish” is used as a catch-all term to describe these unique fish. They’re not brown or tan like other species. Overall, these catfish are peaceful. [5] In members of the family Plotosidae and of the genus Heteropneustes, this protein is so strong it may hospitalize humans who receive a sting; in Plotosus lineatus, the stings can be lethal. There are advantages to owning each of the species below, so read through to find which seem like the best for you! These freshwater catfish have very large heads. If you have the space and know-how to keep these fish, it can be quite rewarding. As a defense, these spines may be locked into place so that they stick outwards, which can inflict severe wounds. Many larger catfish also have chemoreceptors across their entire bodies, which means they "taste" anything they touch and "smell" any chemicals in the water. As a result, many owners keep them with semi-aggressive fish. In the Indian state of Kerala, the local catfish, known as thedu' or etta in Malayalam, is also popular. In general, they are negatively buoyant, which means that they will usually sink rather than float due to a reduced gas bladder and a heavy, bony head. [31] Many catfish are cystovarian in type, including Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, P. fasciatum, Lophiosilurus alexandri, and Loricaria lentiginosa. One pair is so long that it can match their overall length. There’s no need to worry about this behavior. During courtship behavior in three species of Corydoras catfishes, all males actively produced stridulation sounds before egg fertilization, and the species' songs were different in pulse number and sound duration. [61][62][67] However, a recent study based on molecular data argued that the previous "molecular" hypothesis is the result of phylogenetic artifacts due to a strong heterogeneity in evolutionary rates among siluriform lineages. This bottom-dwelling and whiskered fish are cute, hardy, and very inactive. [6], The wels catfish, Silurus glanis, and the much smaller related Aristotle's catfish are the only catfish indigenous to Europe: the former ranging throughout Europe, and the latter restricted to Greece. Sisoridae The pH levels in the tank should be around 6.5 to 7.5 as well. In Hungary catfish is often cooked in paprika sauce (Harcsapaprikás) typical of Hungarian cuisine. Between 2003 and 2005, over 100 species have been named, a rate three times faster than that of the past century. Stings by striped eel catfish have killed people in rare cases. Thanks to their bold horizontal stripes, they can’t be missed in your tank. Don’t let their docile nature fool you! "The South American Sailfin Armored Catfish, "Size Structure, Reproductive Phenology, and Sex Ratio of an Exotic Armored Catfish (, "Chemical senses, chemical signals, and feeding behavior in fishes", "Diversity, phylogenetic distribution, and origins of venomous catfishes", "Grizzly Bear-Size Catfish Caught in Thailand", "The eyes of suckermouth armoured catfish (Loricariidae, subfamily Hypostomus): pupil response, lenticular longitudinal spherical aberration and retinal topography", "Reproductive apparatus and gametogenesis of, "Reproduction of the surubim catfish (Pisces, Pimelodidae) in the São Francisco River, Pirapora Region, Minas Gerais, Brazil", "Pond Culture of Channel Catfish in the North Central Region", "'Catfish' bred in Asia move up on U.S. food chain"$, Associated Press via L.A. Times, 28 November 2006, "United States Code, Title 21, section 321d. In July 2009, a catfish weighing 88 kilograms (194 lb) was caught in the River Ebro, Spain, by an 11-year-old British schoolgirl.[26]. Florida's freshwater fisheries comprise 3 million acres of lakes, ponds and reservoirs, and approximately 12,000 miles of … To keep the Upsidedown Catfish healthy, you will need a 30-gallon tank. Of course, you can’t forget the iconic red tail. In captivity, they can eat worms, large pellets, and pieces of raw fish. The colors are certainly eye-popping and can be a great indicator of the overall health of the fish. [49], Fish must have fins and scales to be kosher. Sure, it’s fun to see fish swimming around all the time, but that’s not how things are in the wild! With a lifespan of up to 20 years, the Cory Catfish is a communal … In addition, Catfish vary in size and aggressiveness. The Walking Catfish is an air-breathing freshwater aquarium catfish. However, they are known to exceed 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) in length and 100 kilograms (220 lb) in weight. The Tiger Shovelnose Catfish is an expert-only catfish that comes from South America. In the second type, the oocytes are conveyed to the exterior through the oviduct. In the first type, the oocytes are released directly into the coelomic cavity and then eliminated. Despite their small stature, these aren’t fish that blend into the background. They’re some of the best algae eaters you can get. These fish can reach almost a foot in length and will eat anything small enough for it to swallow. There are 9 classes and multiple varieties of catfish. While they stick to the bottom of the water column like other catfish, these creatures are playful by nature and love to spend time exploring their environment. They’re predatory creatures that will eat smaller fish and crustaceans. These are hardy fish that do well in most standard aquarium setups. In the Southern United States, catfish species may be known by a variety of slang names, such as "mud cat", "polliwogs", or "chuckleheads". [40] As a result, the Vietnamese exporters of this fish now label their products sold in the U.S. as "basa fish." The base of the catfishes' spines has a sequence of ridges, and the spine normally slides within a groove on the fish's pelvic girdle during routine movement; but, pressing the ridges on the spine against the pelvic girdle groove creates a series of short pulses. Callichthyidae If a smaller tank is more your style, you can stock them with small schools of neon tetras, danios, guppies and cory catfish. While they might be relaxed and mellow, the Asian Stone Catfish has some standout looks. They chow down on the wood and feed off of any algae that are present. Begin with Freshwater Farms Freshwater Farms processes only U.S. Farm-Raised Catfish that are monitored and tested from the pond to the plate. In these fishes, sonic muscles insert on the ramus Mulleri, also known as the elastic spring. Pimelodidae Chinese Algae Eaters can get a bit territorial. Catfish are able to produce a variety of sounds for communication that can be classified into two groups: drumming sounds and stridulation sounds. With so many great options out there it can be a little tricky to decide. With a lifespan of 18 to 25 years, keeping these catfish healthy is a huge commitment. [20], All catfish other than members of Malapteruridae (electric catfish), possess a strong, hollow, bony leading spine-like ray on their dorsal and pectoral fins. This is thanks, in large part, to their stunning good looks. Currently, the Siluriformes are said to be the sister group to the Gymnotiformes, though this has been debated due to more recent molecular evidence. This can lead to some aggressive behavior. Freshwater Fish of America We’ve provided a look into 42 species of freshwater fish—including largemouth bass, walleye, catfish, crappie, northern pike, trout, and more! The best tank mates for Chinese Algae Eaters are species that stick to the upper parts of the water column. alarm) and agonistic behavior were not significantly different, which suggests distress sounds can be used to sample variation in agonistic sound production. [5] Their well-developed Weberian apparatus and reduced gas bladder allow for improved hearing as well as sound production. They have that traditional catfish profile. [6] In numerous catfish species, these fin rays can be used to deliver a stinging protein if the fish is irritated;[21] as many as half of all catfish species may be venomous in this fashion, making the Siluriformes overwhelmingly the vertebrate order with the largest number of venomous species. You can learn the natural history for each species as well as some cool facts. Otocinclus.

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